General: Apple Platform Security support document Security Overview Cryptography: DevForums tags: Security, Apple CryptoKit Security framework documentation Apple CryptoKit framework documentation Common Crypto man pages — For the full list of pages, run: % man -k 3cc For more information about man pages, see Reading UNIX Manual Pages. On Cryptographic Key Formats DevForums post SecItem attributes for keys DevForums post CryptoCompatibility sample code Keychain: DevForums tags: Security Security > Keychain Items documentation TN3137 On Mac keychain APIs and implementations SecItem Fundamentals DevForums post SecItem Pitfalls and Best Practices DevForums post Investigating hard-to-reproduce keychain problems DevForums post Smart cards and other secure tokens: DevForums tag: CryptoTokenKit CryptoTokenKit framework documentation Mac-specific frameworks: DevForums tags: Security Foundation, Security Interface Security Foundation framework documentation Security Interface framework documentation Related: Networking Resources — This covers high-level network security, including HTTPS and TLS. Network Extension Resources — This covers low-level network security, including VPN and content filters. Code Signing Resources Notarisation Resources Trusted Execution Resources — This includes Gatekeeper. App Sandbox Resources Share and Enjoy — Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"

I am trying to generate public and private keys for an ECDH handshake. Back end is using p256 for public key. I am getting a failed request with status 0 public func makeHandShake(completion: @escaping (Bool, String?) -> ()) { guard let config = self.config else { completion(false,APP_CONFIG_ERROR) return } var rData = HandshakeRequestTwo() let sessionValue = AppUtils().generateSessionID() rData.session = sessionValue //generating my ECDH Key Pair let sPrivateKey = P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey() let sPublicKey = sPrivateKey.publicKey let privateKeyBase64 = sPrivateKey.rawRepresentation.base64EncodedString() print("My Private Key (Base64): \(privateKeyBase64)") let publicKeyBase64 = sPublicKey.rawRepresentation.base64EncodedString() print("My Public Key (Base64): \(publicKeyBase64)") rData.value = sPublicKey.rawRepresentation.base64EncodedString() let encoder = JSONEncoder() do { let jsonData = try encoder.encode(rData) if let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8) { print("Request Payload: \(jsonString)") } } catch { print("Error encoding request model to JSON: \(error)") completion(false, "Error encoding request model") return } self.rsaReqResponseHandler(config: config, endpoint: config.services.handShake.endpoint, model: rData) { resToDecode, error in print("Response received before guard : \(resToDecode ?? "No response")") guard let responseString = resToDecode else { print("response string is nil") completion(false,error) return } print("response received: \(responseString)") let decoder = JSONDecoder() do { let request = try decoder.decode(DefaultResponseTwo.self, from: Data(responseString.utf8)) let msg = request.message let status = request.status == 1 ? true : false completion(status,msg) guard let serverPublicKeyBase64 = request.data?.value else { print("Server response is missing the value") completion(false, config.messages.serviceError) return } print("Server Public Key (Base64): \(serverPublicKeyBase64)") if serverPublicKeyBase64.isEmpty { print("Server public key is an empty string.") completion(false, config.messages.serviceError) return } guard let serverPublicKeyData = Data(base64Encoded: serverPublicKeyBase64) else { print("Failed to decode server public key from Base64. Data is invalid.") completion(false, config.messages.serviceError) return } print("Decoded server public key data: \(serverPublicKeyData)") guard let serverPublicKey = try? P256.KeyAgreement.PublicKey(rawRepresentation: serverPublicKeyData) else { print("Decoded server public key data is invalid for P-256 format.") completion(false, config.messages.serviceError) return } // Derive Shared Secret and AES Key let sSharedSecret = try sPrivateKey.sharedSecretFromKeyAgreement(with: serverPublicKey) // Derive AES Key from Shared Secret let symmetricKey = sSharedSecret.hkdfDerivedSymmetricKey( using: SHA256.self, salt: "AES".data(using: .utf8) ?? Data(), sharedInfo: Data(), outputByteCount: 32 ) // Storing AES Key in Config let symmetricKeyBase64 = symmetricKey.withUnsafeBytes { Data($0) }.base64EncodedString() print("Derived Key: \(symmetricKeyBase64)") self.config?.cryptoConfig.key = symmetricKeyBase64 AppUtils.Log(from: self, with: "Handshake Successful, AES Key Established") } catch { AppUtils.Log(from: self, with: "Handshake Failed :: \(error)") completion(false, self.config?.messages.serviceError) } } } this is request struct model public struct HandshakeRequestTwo: Codable { public var session: String? public var value: String? public enum CodingKeys: CodingKey { case session case value } public init(session: String? = nil, value: String? = nil) { self.session = session self.value = value } } This is backend's response {"message":"Success","status":1,"data":{"senderId":"POSTBANK","value":"MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAErLxbfQzX+xnYVT1LLP5VOKtkMRVPRCoqYHcCRTM64EMEOaRU16yzsN+2PZMJc0HpdKNegJQZMmswZtg6U9JGVw=="}} This is my response struct model public struct DefaultResponseTwo: Codable { public var message: String? public var status: Int? public var data: HandshakeData? public init(message: String? = nil, status: Int? = nil, data: HandshakeData? = nil) { self.message = message self.status = status self.data = data } } public struct HandshakeData: Codable { public var senderId: String? public var value: String? public init(senderId: String? = nil, value: String? = nil) { self.senderId = senderId self.value = value } }

Hello, I have a public key of type Curve25519.KeyAgreement.PublicKey that I create from the raw representation using: Curve25519.KeyAgreement.PublicKey(rawRepresentation: Data(base64Encoded: "08sYq4gExgX+UApEwLaASkE+TZjAxG1FPYaT+mj2irk=")!) I'm trying to convert that key to a curve, but I don't see an equivalent function in CryptoKit for the Javascript function pk_to_curve25519. Can someone please help? For completeness, I'm trying to implement the handshake protocol that's a part of secure scuttlebutt. https://ssbc.github.io/scuttlebutt-protocol-guide/

Hi, I try to decrypt some string. Does this code looks good? I get error: CryptoKit.CryptoKitError error 3. do { guard let encryptedData = Data(base64Encoded: cardNumber), let securityKeyData = Data(base64Encoded: securityKey), let ivData = Data(base64Encoded: iv), let privateKeyData = Data(base64Encoded: privateKey) else { throw NSError(domain: "invalid_input", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Invalid Base64 input."]) } let privateKey = try P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey(derRepresentation: privateKeyData) let publicKey = try P256.KeyAgreement.PublicKey(derRepresentation: securityKeyData) let sharedSecret = try privateKey.sharedSecretFromKeyAgreement(with: publicKey) let symmetricKey = sharedSecret.hkdfDerivedSymmetricKey( using: SHA256.self, salt: Data(), sharedInfo: Data(), outputByteCount: 32 ) let encryptedDataWithoutTag = encryptedData.dropLast(16) let tagData = encryptedData.suffix(16) let nonce = try AES.GCM.Nonce(data: ivData) let sealedBox = try AES.GCM.SealedBox(nonce: nonce, ciphertext: encryptedDataWithoutTag, tag: tagData) let decryptedData = try AES.GCM.open(sealedBox, using: symmetricKey) resolve(decryptedCardNumber) } catch { print("Decryption failed with error: \(error.localizedDescription)") reject("decryption_error", "Decryption failed with error: \(error.localizedDescription)", nil) }

I am creating a key, such as: let key = SymmetricKey(size: SymmetricKeySize.bits256) Is it possible for another developer to simply decrypt my files with using CryptoKit ... or how do I provide my own key to ensure that can't happen? Thanks !

If I encrypt user data with Apple's newly released homomorphic encryption package and send it to servers I control for analysis, how would that affect the privacy label for that app? E.g. If my app collected usage data plus identifiers, then sent it for collection and analysis, would I be allowed to say that we don't collect information linked to the user? Does it also automatically exclude the relevant fields from the "Data used to track you" section? Is it possible to make even things that were once considered inextricably tied to a user identity (e.g. purchases in an in-app marketplace) something not linked, according to Apple's rules? How would I prove to Apple that the relevant information is indeed homomorphically encrypted?

Hi, Is there some reference documentation about the properties of a CryptoKit SecureEnclave PrivateKey and its properties? Concretely, these are some of the questions that I wanted to find a (documented) answer on: Who can use a SecureEnclave.P256.*.PrivateKey if they have access to the dataRepresentation? I expect that the private key is bound to the specific secure enclave processor, but it also seems to be bound for the user that created the key (from observation by creating a PrivateKey without any access control). What if there's a restore from backup of the machine, will the private key still be usable? What does a SecureEnclave.P256.*.PrivateKey's dataRepresentation include? From observation, I'm assuming the dataRepresentation is a signed/encrypted blob that includes a unique ID (no 2 keys are the same), the access control settings (biometry required, passcode required, ...), some sort of version of the biometry (so it is be invalidated when the biometry changes). Is there anything else? I'm not interested in the actual encoding (which I understand is undocumented), but want to get an idea of what properties are included in the representation and e.g. can't change in the future. Answers to these questions could e.g. help make a decision how secure the private key's dataRepresentation needs to be kept (e.g. if it can only be used by myself, and i'm sure it will only ever be valid with the access control flags its representation contains, I could decide it's ok to have this key be in a public place) I tried looking for answers in some pieces of documentation, but couldn't immediately find the details I was looking for: The CryptoKit SecureEnclave documentation The Secure Enclave article The Protecting keys with the Secure Enclave article thanks! Remko

I have a unique need here and hope there is someone out there that might be of help. There is a backend server that will send an x509 certificate and private key (as strings) after the mobile apps on-boarding process. Additionally, the app includes an AWS SDK that is used to talk to their IoT system. This SDK requires PKCS12 certificate format to pass authentication. (I believe the common method is to have bundled the cert into the app which is not an option for me here sadly) I suspect it may be possible to use some openSSL iOS framework to do this conversion at runtime but have not personally tried it yet as my go-to is usually trying things first with Apples APIs. So my question becomes is there a way to meet this requirement using any of the security APIs or other APIs that apple has like swift-nio-ssl? Thank you very much for your time. Best, Michael

In my iOS app, I'm planning to use CryptoKit to decrypt a data file downloaded remotely from my backend servers. I'm only using standard cryptography provided by iOS itself (Swift CryptoKit framework). According to App Store Connect documentation: "You're required to provide documentation if your app contains any of the following: Encryption algorithms that are proprietary or not accepted as standard by international standard bodies (IEEE, IETF, ITU, etc.) Standard encryption algorithms instead of, or in addition to, using or accessing the encryption within Apple's operating system" I assume that since I am only using cryptography provided by the underlying OS itself, I can safely set ITSAppUsesNonExemptEncryption to NO. Can someone provide me with some guidance or opinion? Thank you!

I have an app that creates a private key in the secure enclave with a unique alias. It is created with the kSecAttrTokenIDSecureEnclave flag. According to the docs, such private keys should never leave the enclave under any circumstances and definitely not restored on new devices. After migrating to a new iPhone 15 the app does not offer to create a new private key in the enclave, but rather it is able to find the unique alias of the private key in the new phone. i.e. as if it found the private key on the new phone's secure enclave I believe (/hope) that in practice the object I get in the new iPhone from SecItemCopyMatching is not usable. I assume this is a bug that should be fixed by apple? How can I detect that this SecItemCopyMatching result is stale so I can ignore it and prompt the user to create a new keypair on the secure enclave? Thanks

Hello! the other day I had troubles with running the application to interact with the Secure Enclave. (https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/748611?page=1#783968022) While my program is running perfectly fine now, I still have questions regarding its security. QUESTIONS: Is there any functionality just with the public key to get an evidence of a corresponding private key to be protected by the Secure Enclave without showing the source code? Even with the most recent update of iOS 17.4, there is still no way to directly access the functionality of a Secure Element itself, is that right? So far I found a function SecureElementPass, and it seems like it’s the only interaction possible. What is the difference between using Security API and Apple CryptoKit? I heard some were saying it the matter of habit and device support, but I still would like to hear an opinion of a professional. Any information regarding that will be helpful. Thank you in advance for your time and effort!

G'day all, I'm working through the creation of a cross-platform decryption implementation for CryptoKit's HPKE and wish to use the Sender & Recipient type. I have been able to engineer the derived key, but the missing link is the nonce that is created and utilised by HPKE.Sender.seal(). I understand that I could create the key exchange and sealed box by myself and set my own random nonce, but I want to be able to utilise the HPKE.Sender.seal() functions to assist with this as well as create ciphertext data externally that can be opened with HPKE.Recipient.open(). By looking at Apple's open-source code available here, I can see that it seems to be exporting a key based on a "base_nonce" label on the context, which I think is what HPKE.Sender's exportSecret(context:outputByteCount:) can achieve. However using senders exportSecret(context:outputByteCount:) in the following way: let noncedata = try hpkeSender.exportSecret(context: Data("base_nonce".utf8), outputByteCount: 12) even just for one message (so the sequence number would be 0 and thus this data block unchanged), the AES-GCM implementation still returns a "cipher: message authentication failed" error. This is specifically in Go, but can be replicated in Python easily. I'm confident that the derived key is correct and is being fed to AES-GCM with the ciphertext correctly, and it's just the nonce generation that is not understood.

Is it possible? The original key was generated and stored in the Keychain using the following code: func generateSecureEnclaveProtectedSecKey(withTag tag: Data) throws -> SecKey { var error: Unmanaged<CFError>? let accessControl = SecAccessControlCreateWithFlags( kCFAllocatorDefault, kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly, [.privateKeyUsage], &error )! let attributes = [ kSecAttrKeyType as String: kSecAttrKeyTypeECSECPrimeRandom, kSecAttrKeySizeInBits as String: 256, kSecAttrTokenID as String: kSecAttrTokenIDSecureEnclave, kSecPrivateKeyAttrs as String: [ kSecAttrCanSign as String: true, kSecAttrIsPermanent as String: true, kSecAttrApplicationTag as String: tag, kSecAttrAccessControl as String: accessControl, ] as [String: Any], ] as [String: Any] let privateKey = SecKeyCreateRandomKey(attributes as CFDictionary, &error)! return privateKey } Then I wanted to use the strongly typed interface of CryptoKit, so I naively tried to get a hold of the existing key as follows (querying for kSecReturnPersistentRef and not kSecReturnRef): func getSecureEnclaveProtectedCryptoKitKey(fromSecureEnclaveProtectedSecKeyWithTag tag: Data) throws -> SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey { let query: [String: Any] = [ kSecClass as String: kSecClassKey, kSecAttrApplicationTag as String: tag, kSecAttrKeyType as String: kSecAttrKeyTypeECSECPrimeRandom, kSecReturnPersistentRef as String: true, ] var item: CFTypeRef? let status = SecItemCopyMatching(query as CFDictionary, &item) let keyData = item as! CFData return try SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey(dataRepresentation: keyData as Data) } But that resulted in: Error Domain=CryptoTokenKit Code=-3 "corrupted objectID detected" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=corrupted objectID detected} Since this is a Secure Enclave protected key, it is not possible to use SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation (or query for kSecReturnData), but perhaps there is another way to convert a SecKey object to a SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey? The other way around seem to be possible using the answers to this blog post: https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/728314

I am trying to communicate with a Java server over TCP, but I'm having issues trying to make the data secure in transit using RSA and AES. The server creates an AES key, encodes it in utf8, and sends it to the IOS Client, where it should be decoded back into a byte array as a Data object. Then, Using the Cryptokit framework, I try to create a SecKey object from it. I am stumped when trying to do so, though: func createSecKeyFromAESKeyData(aesKeyData: Data) -&gt; SecKey? { // Define the key attributes let keyAttributes: [CFString: Any] = [ kSecAttrKeyClass: kSecAttrKeyClassSymmetric, kSecAttrKeySizeInBits: 128, kSecAttrIsPermanent: false ] // Convert the AES key data into a SecKey object var error: Unmanaged&lt;CFError&gt;? guard let key = SecKeyCreateWithData(aesKeyData as CFData, keyAttributes as CFDictionary, &amp;error) else { if let error = error { print("Error creating SecKey: \(error.takeRetainedValue() as Error)") } else { print("Unknown error creating SecKey") } return nil } return key } Despite setting up my key attribute dictionary with the correct information (AES_128_GCM_SHA256, 128 bits, impermanent) based on how I generate it in the Java code, I keep getting a runtime error at the SecKeyCreateWithData call stating "Unsupported symmetric key type: 4865". I am unsure what this means and how to fix it as there doesn't seem to be any information on it online. If it helps, the Java code is using AES GCM with no padding, and we have confirmed that the data being sent is indeed 128 bits. How can I take this byte array and create a SecKey from it properly so we can pass secure data? Similarly, I have also tried using RSA encryption for some data, but with this method, I generate the key pair on the iOS client and send the parts of the public key to the Java server where it (seemingly correctly) created the cipher from the passed data. However, trying to send anything encrypted back resulted in "RSAdecrypt wrong input (err -27)" when decrypting: func decryptAESKey(encryptedKeyData: Data, privateKey: SecKey) -&gt; Data? { // Decrypt the received AES key using the private key var error: Unmanaged&lt;CFError&gt;? guard let decryptedKeyData = SecKeyCreateDecryptedData(privateKey, .rsaEncryptionOAEPSHA256, encryptedKeyData as CFData, &amp;error) as Data? else { print("Error decrypting AES key:", error!.takeRetainedValue() as Error) return nil } return decryptedKeyData } Any assistance in figuring out how to properly use SecKeys in these ways would be greatly appreciated. Additionally, the relevant Java code can be provided if necessary.

Quick Summary I'm having trouble using SecKeyCreateSignature(deviceSigningKeyRef, .ecdsaSignatureMessageX962SHA256, digest, &amp;error) but when using SecureEnclave.P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey().signature(for: digest) the other code I'm using to verify succeeds. Full use case and code If I just initiate a SecureEnclave.P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey() class variable and then later use signature(for: digest).rawRepresentation to generate a signature, I get a signature value that can be passed to the verifying code class MyClass { var myPrivateKey: SecureEnclave.P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey? init() { myPrivateKey = SecureEnclave.P256.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey() let myPublicKey = myPrivateKey?.publicKey.rawRepresentation } func createAndSendSignature(_ digest: Data) { let signature = try? myPrivateKey?.signature(for: digest).rawRepresentation // 64 bytes sendSignatureWithDigest(signature, digest) } } But if I create my key in keychain via Secure Enclave with the way the documentation recommends (here's a few links to start Signing/Verifying, Keys for encryption), and then retrieve the key representation and use SecKeyCreateSignature, the resulting signature (which I manipulate a little more because it is DER encoded and does not comes back as 64 bytes) fails against the verifying code. class MyClass { var myKeyTag: String = "myKeyTag" func createAndStoreKey() { let access = SecAccessControlCreateWithFlags( kCFAllocatorDefault, kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly, .privateKeyUsage, nil)! // Ignore errors. let attributes: NSDictionary = [ kSecClass as String: kSecClassKey, kSecAttrKeyType as String: kSecAttrKeyTypeECSECPrimeRandom, kSecAttrKeySizeInBits as String: 256, kSecAttrTokenID: kSecAttrTokenIDSecureEnclave, kSecPrivateKeyAttrs as String: [ kSecAttrIsPermanent as String: true, kSecAttrApplicationTag as String: myKeyTag, kSecAttrAccessControl as String: access, kSecAttrCanSign as String: true, ] ] var error: Unmanaged&lt;CFError&gt;? guard let keyRef: SecKey = SecKeyCreateRandomKey(attributes as CFDictionary, &amp;error) else { throw error!.takeRetainedValue() as Error } return keyRef as SecKey! } func getKey(){ let query: [String: Any] = [ kSecClass as String: kSecClassKey, kSecAttrApplicationTag as String: myKeyTag, kSecAttrKeyType as String: kSecAttrKeyTypeECSECPrimeRandom, kSecReturnRef as String: true, ] var item: CFTypeRef? let status = SecItemCopyMatching(query as CFDictionary, &amp;item) guard status == errSecSuccess else { throw KeyStoreError("Unable to retrieve key: \(status.message)") } return (item as! SecKey) } func createAndSendSignature(_ digest: Data) { let privKey = getKey() let signature = SecKeyCreateSignature( privKey, .ecdsaSignatureMessageX962SHA256, digest as CFData, &amp;error) as Data? else { print(error) return } // bytes varry due to DER encoding and R and S values let ecdsaSignature = try P256.Signing.ECDSASignature(derRepresentation: signature) let signatureBytes = ecdsaSignature.rawRepresentation sendSignatureWithDigest(signatureBytes, digest) } } An important note: digest is not an actual digest but a message that needs to be hashed to turn into a digest? Sorry if that sounds off, my security knowledge is limited. Please forgive any syntax errors, I can't copy and paste the code and am just extracting the important elements. Anything helps, thanks!

Hi, I have a String that I want to: encrypt it using a key. generate that key with the Secure Enclave store the key in the secure enclave next time the user opens the app: read the key from the secure enclave. decrypt the string back. Is it possible? I know the Secure Enclave can help me generate a key, but how to store or retrieve it? Is it possible to do that with CryptoKit?

My goal is: Generate a public and private key pair Add the private key to the keychain and protect it with the secure enclave Create a self-signed certificate with the public key and send it to a server Add the certificate to the keychain When I communicate with the server I want to create a SecIdentity during the client challenge which is basically a SecCertificate + SecKey combo. For the certificate generation I would like to use the swift-certificates library to not have to compose manually the certificate fields and signature. My problem is that the swift-certificates during the Certificate initialisation needs a SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey private key and to add a key to the keychain we need a SecKey object. And unfortunately there is no clean way to create from one of them the other one. I read several threads here about this, but I haven't found a clean solution for it. I tried to approach the problem from two directions: First: Create the key with the SecKeyCreateRandomKey, mark in the attributes that I want to protect the key with secure enclave and also mark that I want the private key to be kSecAttrIsPermanent so it is automatically saved in the keychain The SecKeyCreateRandomKey returns a SecKey which is a reference to the private key from the keychain (!) Unfortunately I haven't found a clean way to convert a SecKey to a -&gt; SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey There is a workaround to SecKeyCopyAttributes of the private key and to extract the bytes from the attributes["toid"], but I guess it's not safe to use an undocumented key ("toid") if there is no constant defined to it (the name could be changed in future releases) Second approach: Create a SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey Create the Certificate using the swift-certificates The created private key is protected by the secure enclave but it's not added automatically to the keychain so we should add it to can query after that the SecIdentity (!) Unfortunately I haven't found a way to convert the SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey to -&gt; SecKey. There are threads which say that the SecKeyCreateWithData(...) helps us, but unfortunately if we set the kSecAttrTokenIDSecureEnclave in the attribute dictionary, the method creates a brand new key for us, regardless the passed data. So the initial key will never be the same as the newly created SecKey. This we can see in the method's implementation. So I got stuck with both approaches because seemingly there is no clean way to switch between SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey and SecKey. One solution would be to compose manually the certificate, without swift-certificates because like that we would not need a SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey object. But I would like to avoid the manual composition and signature calculation... Anybody has any idea?

Hello fellow developers, I'm currently working on an SDK involving the SECP256R1 standard and facing an interesting issue. My goal is to ensure the Swift implementation of SECP256R1 signatures matches that of Rust's FastCrypto implementation. The Issue: When running tests to compare signatures generated by Swift and Rust implementations, the signatures do not match. Despite this mismatch, verification tests still succeed. I've tried using both the P256 class from CryptoKit and SecKey from the Security SDK. The Swift code is being written in Xcode 15 Beta 8, Swift 5.9. Code Snippet: struct SECP256R1PrivateKey { /// Commented is P256, uncommented is SecKey // public init(key: Data) throws { // if let privateKey = try? P256.Signing.PrivateKey(rawRepresentation: key) { // self.key = privateKey // } else { // throw AccountError.invalidData // } // } public init(key: Data) throws { if let privateKeyP256 = try? P256.Signing.PrivateKey(rawRepresentation: key) { let attributes: [String: Any] = [ kSecAttrKeyClass as String: kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate, kSecAttrKeyType as String: kSecAttrKeyTypeECDSA, kSecAttrTokenID as String: kSecAttrTokenIDSecureEnclave, kSecAttrKeySizeInBits as String: 256 ] var error: Unmanaged<CFError>? guard let privateKey = SecKeyCreateWithData(privateKeyP256.rawRepresentation as CFData, attributes as CFDictionary, &error) else { throw error?.takeRetainedValue() as Error? ?? NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: Int(errSecParam), userInfo: nil) } self.key = privateKey } else { throw AccountError.invalidData } } // public func sign(data: Data) throws -> Signature { // let signature = try self.key.signature(for: data) // return Signature( // signature: signature.rawRepresentation, // publickey: try self.publicKey().key.compressedRepresentation, // signatureScheme: .SECP256R1 // ) // } public func sign(data: Data) throws -> Signature { let dataHash = Data(data.sha256) var error: Unmanaged<CFError>? guard let signature = SecKeyCreateSignature(self.key, .ecdsaSignatureMessageX962SHA256, dataHash as NSData, &error) as Data? else { throw error!.takeRetainedValue() as Error } guard let publicKey = SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation(try self.publicKey().key, &error) as Data? else { throw AccountError.invalidData } return Signature( signature: signature, publickey: publicKey, signatureScheme: .SECP256R1 ) } } func testThatTheRustImplementationForSignaturesIsTheSame() throws { let account = try Account(privateKey: Data(self.validSecp256r1SecretKey), accountType: .secp256r1) guard let signData = "Hello, world!".data(using: .utf8) else { XCTFail("Unable to encode message"); return; } let signature = try account.sign(signData) XCTAssertEqual( try signature.hex(), "26d84720652d8bc4ddd1986434a10b3b7b69f0e35a17c6a5987e6d1cba69652f4384a342487642df5e44592d304bea0ceb0fae2e347fa3cec5ce1a8144cfbbb2" ) } The Core Question: How do I implement the R1 signature in Swift so that it matches the signature generated by Rust's FastCrypto? Any insights, suggestions, or sample code snippets that could guide me in the right direction would be immensely appreciated! Thank you in advance!

Hi, I am trying to implement encryption and decryption with EC signing keys. in the process I am getting the following error while creating a SecKey from the private key. Error in creating a secKey Optional(Swift.Unmanaged&lt;__C.CFErrorRef&gt;(_value: Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-50 "EC private key creation from data failed" (paramErr: error in user parameter list) UserInfo={numberOfErrorsDeep=0, NSDescription=EC private key creation from data failed})) Code snippet for decryption func decrypt(data: Data, key: SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey) throws -&gt; Data? {     var error: Unmanaged&lt;CFError&gt;?     let privateKeyData: CFData = key.dataRepresentation as CFData     let privateKeyAttributes = [kSecAttrKeyType: kSecAttrKeyTypeECSECPrimeRandom,                                 kSecAttrKeyClass: kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate] as CFDictionary     guard let SecKey = SecKeyCreateWithData(privateKeyData, privateKeyAttributes as CFDictionary, &amp;error)     else {         print("Error in creating a secKey", error)         return nil     }          guard SecKeyIsAlgorithmSupported(SecKey, .decrypt, EncryptAndDecryptAlogrithm)     else {         print("Decryption algorithm is not supported", error)         return nil     }          guard let decryptedData = SecKeyCreateDecryptedData(SecKey, EncryptAndDecryptAlogrithm, data as CFData, &amp;error) else {         print("Error in decryption", error)         return nil     }     return decryptedData as Data } let data = Data(base64Encoded: "BNtHrb1cZuflSDZz+E3PnIkLtYUQuBDW+ONlzuAypZcQa+5oKv0L0wSIBMMseMr0roloexPwTaVV26ddewTP0+vRt9v6uLOg366cElMo6P5nh2K7xKi1PMcRyBVel+Kq9WQWT/EkRIuUkHdq2KLXy/Q=")! let alice = try SecureEnclave.P256.Signing.PrivateKey() let decryptedData = try decrypt(data: data, key:alice) Thank you in advance.